THE BALANCE SHEET.
Reading
THE BALANCE SHEET.
Financial statements are the final product of the accounting process. They provide information on the financial condition of a company. The balance sheet, one type of financial statement, provides a summary of what a company owns and what it owes on one particular day.
Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, such as property, equipment, and accounts receivable. On the other hand, liabilities are the debts that a company owes-for example, to suppliers and banks. If liabilities are subtracted from assets (assets – liabilities), the amount remaining is the owners’ share of a business. This is known as owners’ or stockholders’ equity.
One key to understanding the accounting transactions of business is to understand the relationship of its assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity. This is often represented by the fundamental accounting equation: assets equal liabilities plus owners’ equity.
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNERS’ EQUITY
These three factors are expressed in monetary terms and therefore are limited to items that can be given a monetary value. The accounting equation always remains in balance; in other words, one side must equal the other.
The balance sheet expands the accounting equation by providing more information about the asstes, liabilities, and owners’ equity of a company at a specific time (for example, on December 31, 1993). It is made up of two parts. The first part lists the company assets, and the second part details liabilities and owners’ equity. Assets are divided into current and fixed assets. Cash, accounts receivable, and inventories are all current assets. Property, buildings, and equipment make up the fixed assets of a company. The liabilities section of the balance sheet is often divided into current liabilities (such as accounts payable and income taxes payable) and long-term liabilities (such as bonds and long-term notes).
The balance sheet provides a financial picture of a company on a particular date, and for this reason it is useful in two important areas. Internally, the balance sheet provides managers with financial information for company decision making. Externally, it gives potential investors data evaluating the company’s financial position.
Comprehension
1. Answer the following questions about the balance sheet. Question whit asterisk (*) cannot be answered directly form the text.
1. What is the final product of the accounting process?
2. What is a balance sheet?
3. Does the balance sheet provide financial information for a long period of time (for example, January to June 1993) or does it provide information for a specific point in time (for example, on June 30, 1993)?
4. What is the difference assets and liabilities?
5. How is owners’ or stockholders’ equity determined?
6. How can the relationship between assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity be represented?
7. Does the accounting equation always remain in balance?*Why or why not?
8. How can a business use a balance sheet?*As a manager, how would you find a balance sheet useful?
Answer.
A. 1. The final product of accounting process is the balance sheet.
2. A balance sheet is a final statement that a provide a summary of what a
company owns and what it owes on a particular day.
3. It provides information for a specific point in time, for example, on June 30,
1993.
4. Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, liabilities are
the debts that is a company owes.
5. Owners’ is stockholders’ equity is determined by subtracting liabilities from
Assets.
6. It can be represented by the fundamental accounting equation assets equal
Liabilities plus owners’ equity.
7. Yes, it does. Because one side must equal the other. If not, it must be wrong
with the recording.
8. A balance sheet is useful for a business, because it provide a financial picture
of a company or a particular day.
2. Complete the balance sheet by writing in the correct terms from the list below.
Assets Current liabilities Long-term liabilities
Liabilities Fixed assets Current assets
Stockholders equity
International Manufacturing, Inc.
Balance Sheet
December 31, 1993
Assets
Current assets
Cash $ 49,400
Account receivable 1,600
Inventories 53,000
Total $ 104,000
Fixed assets
Property $ 15,000
Buildings 50,000
Equipment 10,000
Total $ 75,000
Total assets $ 179,000
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Account payable $ 30,000
Income tax payable 19,000
Total $ 49,000
Long-term liabilities
Bonds $ 20,000
Long-term notes 40,000
Total $ 60,000
Total liabilities $ 109,000
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock $ 47,000
Retained earnings 23,000
Total $ 70,000
Total liabilities and $ 179,000
stockholders’ equity
Vocabulary Exercises
1. Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.
2. Look at the terms in the left-hand column and find the correct synonyms or definitions in the right-hand column. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.
1. g property (line 6) a. assets equal liabilities plus
owners equity
2. d equal (line 12) b. provide information item
by item
3. f condition (line 2) c. indicate by words or
symbols
4. b detail (line 21) d. have the same value as
5. a accounting equation (line 12) e. a series of transactions,
changes, or functions that
bring about a particular
result
6. h monetary (line 15) f. the existing circumstance
7. e process (line 1) g. anything owned by a
person
8. c express (line 15) h. of or pertaining to money
C. Discuss the following question with a partner. In giving your answers, try to use the italicized terms.
1. What is the difference between accounts receivable and accounts
payable?
2. Why are accounts receivable and cash considered current assets while
property and equipment are considered fixed assets? What do you think
the difference is between current and fixed assets?
3. The owners’ equity in a company equals assets minus liabilities. What
is meant by owners’ (or stockholders’) equity?
4. If you were a manager, how would you use the balance sheet to evaluate
your company’s financial condition?
5. What do you consider your personal assets? Do you have any
liabilities? What are they?
Answer.
1. Accounts receivable is assets and account payable is liabilities.
2. Because they are easy changed into money.
3. Net owning.
4. The manager known were the company’s financial healthy.
5. Mobile.
Text Analysis
Look at the reading to answer these question.
1. What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
1 they financial statement
9 this the owners’ share a business
11 this the relationship of its assets,
liabilities, and owners’ equity
15 these three factors assets, liabilities, owners’
equity
2. In line 6, what are property, equipment, and accounts receivable examples of?
Assets
3. In line 7, what do suppliers and banks refer to?
To whom the company has debts
4. In line 5-7, two different phrases are used to incorporate examples in the reading. What are these phrases?
a. Assets
b. Liabilities
5. Another method of clarification by example is the use of mathematical representations. From the reading, copy example that use mathematical symbols.
a. The fundamental accounting equation
b. Assets = liabilities + owners’ equity
Classification
Categories of the balance sheet can be classified to show the relationship between them. Fill in the following blanks on the information provided in the reading and to figure 1 (page 79).
Class : Assets Class : Liabilities
Members : Current assets Members : Current liabilities
Fixed assets Long-term liabilities
Class : Current assets Class : Current liabilities
Members : Cash Members : Account payable
Accounts receivable Income tax payable
Inventories
Class : Fixed assets Class : Long-term liabilities
Members : Property Members : Bonds
Building Long-term notes
Equipment
Application
Using the information in the reading, answer the following questions. Give reasons to support your answers.
1. Which of the following is not a fixed assets: office equipment, machinery, marketable securities, land, and buildings? Why?
Marketable securities, because its easy to change into money.
2. Are the following liabilities current or long-term: bank loans payable, accounts payable, mortgage bonds payable, taxes payable, and long-term notes payable? List each under the correct heading.
CURRENT LIABILITIES LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Account payable Bank loans payable
Taxes payable Mortgage bonds payable
Notes payable
Kamis, November 19, 2009
Sabtu, November 14, 2009
Kisah Motivasi
1. Jangan tertarik kepada seseorang karena parasnya sebab keelokan paras dapat menyesatkan. Jangan pula tertarik kepada kekayaannya karena kekayaan dapat musnah. Tertariklah kepada seseorang yang dapat membuatmu tersenyum, karena hanya senyum yang dapat membuat hari-hari yang gelap menjadi cerah. Semoga kamu menemukan orang seperti itu.
2. Bermimpilah tentang apa yang ingin kamu impikan pergilah ke tempat-tempat kamu ingin pergi. Jadilah seperti yang kamu inginkan, karena kamu hanya memiliki satu kehidupan dan satu kesempatan untuk melakukan hal-hal yang ingin kamu lakukan.
3. Ketika satu pintu kebahagiaan tertutup, pintu yang lain dibukakan. Tetapi sering kali kita terpaku terlalu lama pada pintu yang tertutup sehingga tidak melihat pintu lain yang dibukakan bagi kita.
4. Sahabat terbaik adalah dia yang dapat duduk berayun-ayun di beranda bersamamu, tanpa mengucapkan sepatah katapun , dan kemudian kamu meninggalkannya dengan perasaan telah bercakap- cakap lama dengannya.
5. Sungguh benar bahwa kita tidak tahu apa yang kita miliki sampai kita kehilangannya, tetapi sungguh benar pula bahwa kita tidak tahu apa yang belum pernah kita miliki sampai kita mendapatkannya.
6. Pandanglah segala sesuatu dari kacamata orang lain. Apabila hal itu menyakitkan hatimu, sangat mungkin hal itu menyakitkan hari orang lain pula.
7. Awal dari cinta adalah membiarkan orang yang kita cintai menjadi dirinya sendiri, dan tidak merubahnya menjadi gambaran yang kita inginkan. Jika tidak, kita hanya mencintai pantulan diri sendiri yang kita temukan di dalam dia.
8. Orang-orang yang paling berbahagiapun tidak selalu memiliki hal-hal terbaik, mereka hanya berusaha menjadikan yang terbaik dari setiap hal yang hadir dalam hidupnya.
9. Mungkin Tuhan menginginkan kita bertemu dengan beberapa orang yang salah sebelum bertemu dengan orang yang tepat, kita harus mengerti bagaimana berterimakasih atas karunia itu.
10. Hanya diperlukan waktu seminit untuk menaksir seseorang, sejam untuk menyukai seseorang dan sehari untuk mencintai seseorang, tetapi diperlukan waktu seumur hidup untuk melupakan seseorang.
11. Kebahagiaan tersedia bagi mereka yang menangis, mereka yang disakiti hatinya, mereka yang mencari dan mereka yang mencoba. Karena hanya mereka itulah yang menghargai pentingnya orang- orang yang pernah hadir dalam hidup mereka.
12. Cinta datang kepada mereka yang masih berharap sekalipun pernah dikecewakan, kepada mereka yang masih percaya sekalipun pernah dikhianati, kepada mereka yang masih mencintai sekalipun pernah disakiti hatinya.
13. Sungguh menyakitkan mencintai seseorang yang tidak mencintaimu, tetapi lebih menyakitkan adalah mencintai seseorang dan tidak pernah memiliki keberanian untuk mengutarakan cintamu kepadanya.
14. Jangan pernah mengucapkan selamat tinggal jika kamu masih mau mencoba, jangan pernah menyerah jika kamu masih merasa sanggup, jangan pernah mengatakan kamu tidak mencintainya lagi jika kamu masih tidak dapat melupakannya.
15. Memberikan seluruh cintamu kepada seseorang bukanlah jaminan dia akan membalas cintamu. Jangan mengharapkan balasan cinta, tunggulah sampai cinta berkembang di hatinya, tetapi jika tidak, berbahagialah karena cinta tumbuh di hatimu.
16. Ada hal-hal yang sangat ingin kamu dengar tetapi tidak akan pernah kamu
dengar dari orang yang kamu harapkan untuk mengatakannya. Namun demikian, janganlah menulikan telinga untuk mendengar dari orang yang mengatakannya dengan sepenuh hati.
17. Waktu kamu lahir, kamu menangis dan orang- orang disekelilingmu tersenyum. Jalanilah hidupmu sehingga pada waktu kamu meninggal, kamu tersenyum dan orang-orang di sekelilingmu menangis.
Allah tidak melihat kamu dengan banyaknya Amal kamu, Tetapi seberapa kualitas Amal kamu... itu artinya kualitas hidup.... qs Al Mulk : 2 sehingga : Jalanilah hidupmu sehingga pada waktu kamu meninggal, kamu tersenyum dan orang-orang di sekelilingmu menangis.
2. Bermimpilah tentang apa yang ingin kamu impikan pergilah ke tempat-tempat kamu ingin pergi. Jadilah seperti yang kamu inginkan, karena kamu hanya memiliki satu kehidupan dan satu kesempatan untuk melakukan hal-hal yang ingin kamu lakukan.
3. Ketika satu pintu kebahagiaan tertutup, pintu yang lain dibukakan. Tetapi sering kali kita terpaku terlalu lama pada pintu yang tertutup sehingga tidak melihat pintu lain yang dibukakan bagi kita.
4. Sahabat terbaik adalah dia yang dapat duduk berayun-ayun di beranda bersamamu, tanpa mengucapkan sepatah katapun , dan kemudian kamu meninggalkannya dengan perasaan telah bercakap- cakap lama dengannya.
5. Sungguh benar bahwa kita tidak tahu apa yang kita miliki sampai kita kehilangannya, tetapi sungguh benar pula bahwa kita tidak tahu apa yang belum pernah kita miliki sampai kita mendapatkannya.
6. Pandanglah segala sesuatu dari kacamata orang lain. Apabila hal itu menyakitkan hatimu, sangat mungkin hal itu menyakitkan hari orang lain pula.
7. Awal dari cinta adalah membiarkan orang yang kita cintai menjadi dirinya sendiri, dan tidak merubahnya menjadi gambaran yang kita inginkan. Jika tidak, kita hanya mencintai pantulan diri sendiri yang kita temukan di dalam dia.
8. Orang-orang yang paling berbahagiapun tidak selalu memiliki hal-hal terbaik, mereka hanya berusaha menjadikan yang terbaik dari setiap hal yang hadir dalam hidupnya.
9. Mungkin Tuhan menginginkan kita bertemu dengan beberapa orang yang salah sebelum bertemu dengan orang yang tepat, kita harus mengerti bagaimana berterimakasih atas karunia itu.
10. Hanya diperlukan waktu seminit untuk menaksir seseorang, sejam untuk menyukai seseorang dan sehari untuk mencintai seseorang, tetapi diperlukan waktu seumur hidup untuk melupakan seseorang.
11. Kebahagiaan tersedia bagi mereka yang menangis, mereka yang disakiti hatinya, mereka yang mencari dan mereka yang mencoba. Karena hanya mereka itulah yang menghargai pentingnya orang- orang yang pernah hadir dalam hidup mereka.
12. Cinta datang kepada mereka yang masih berharap sekalipun pernah dikecewakan, kepada mereka yang masih percaya sekalipun pernah dikhianati, kepada mereka yang masih mencintai sekalipun pernah disakiti hatinya.
13. Sungguh menyakitkan mencintai seseorang yang tidak mencintaimu, tetapi lebih menyakitkan adalah mencintai seseorang dan tidak pernah memiliki keberanian untuk mengutarakan cintamu kepadanya.
14. Jangan pernah mengucapkan selamat tinggal jika kamu masih mau mencoba, jangan pernah menyerah jika kamu masih merasa sanggup, jangan pernah mengatakan kamu tidak mencintainya lagi jika kamu masih tidak dapat melupakannya.
15. Memberikan seluruh cintamu kepada seseorang bukanlah jaminan dia akan membalas cintamu. Jangan mengharapkan balasan cinta, tunggulah sampai cinta berkembang di hatinya, tetapi jika tidak, berbahagialah karena cinta tumbuh di hatimu.
16. Ada hal-hal yang sangat ingin kamu dengar tetapi tidak akan pernah kamu
dengar dari orang yang kamu harapkan untuk mengatakannya. Namun demikian, janganlah menulikan telinga untuk mendengar dari orang yang mengatakannya dengan sepenuh hati.
17. Waktu kamu lahir, kamu menangis dan orang- orang disekelilingmu tersenyum. Jalanilah hidupmu sehingga pada waktu kamu meninggal, kamu tersenyum dan orang-orang di sekelilingmu menangis.
Allah tidak melihat kamu dengan banyaknya Amal kamu, Tetapi seberapa kualitas Amal kamu... itu artinya kualitas hidup.... qs Al Mulk : 2 sehingga : Jalanilah hidupmu sehingga pada waktu kamu meninggal, kamu tersenyum dan orang-orang di sekelilingmu menangis.
Rabu, November 11, 2009
FATWA
Berasal dari kata fatwa (jamak) serta fatawa yang artinya petuah, nasihat, jawaban dan pertanyaan hukum. Fatwa berarti pendapat mengenai suatu hukum dalam Islam yang merupakan tanggapan atau jawaban atas pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh peminta fatwa dan tidak mempunyai daya ikat. Dengan kata lain, si peminta fatwa, baik perorangan, lembaga maupun masyarakat luas tidak harus mengikuti isi atau hukum dari fatwa yang diberikan kepadanya.
Hal ini disebabkan fatwa seorang mufti atau ulama di suatu tempat bisa saja berbeda dari fatwa ulama lain di tempat yang sama. Fatwa biasanya cenderung dinamis karena merupakan tanggapan terhadap perkembangan terbaru yang sedang dihadapi masyarakat peminta fatwa. Isi fatwa itu sendiri belum tentu dinamis, tetapi minimal fatwa itu responsif.
Tindakan memberi fatwa disebut futya atau ifta, suatu istilah yang juga merujuk pada profesi memberi nasihat. Orang yang memberi fatwa disebut mufti atau ulama, sedangkan yang meminta fatwa disebut mustafti. Peminta fatwa bisa berupa perorangan, lembaga maupun siapa asja yang membutuhkannya.
Pada dasarnya, futya adalah profesi independen, namun di banyak negara Muslim menjadi terkait dengan ootoritas kenegaraan dalam berbagai cara. Dalam sejarah Islam, dari abad pertama sampai ketujuh Hijriyah, negaralah yang mengangkat ulama yang bermutu sebagai mufti.
Namun pada masa-masa selanjutnya, pos-pos resmi dari futya diciptakan, sehingga mufti menjadi jabatan kenegaraan yang hierarkis, namun tetap dalam fungsi keagamaan. Pada tempat dan periode tertentu, seperti pada masa Kerajaan Ottoman, fungsi mufti dikombinasikan dengan hakim dan pemegang jabatan ini seringkali dilarang memberikan fatwa sehubungan dengan tindakan hukum yang terjadi di pengadilannya.
Fungsi kenegaraan yang dibebankan futya tidak menghilangkan pelaksanaan profesi itu secara pribadi. Akan tetapi dengan penerapan kitab-kitab undang-undang tertentu dengan segala perlengkapannya yang diambil dari sistem perundang-undangan Eropa, maka profesi futya di banyak negara Islam hampir tidak terpakai lagi.
Persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan profesi ini adalah; beragama Islam, memiliki integritas pribadi ('adil) dan ahli ijtihad (mujtahid) atau memiliki kesanggupan untuk memecahkan masalah melalui penalaran pribadi. Berbeda dengan seorang hakim, seorang mufti bisa saja wanita, orang buta atau orang bisu, kecuali untuk jabatan kenegaraan.
Keperluan akan fatwa ini sudah terasa sejak awal perkembangan Islam. Dengan semakin meningkatnya jumlah pemeluk Islam dan semakin meluasnya wilayah Islam, maka setiap persoalan yang muncul memerlukan jawaban. Untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, diperlukan bantuan dari orang-orang yang berkompeten di bidang tersebut. Dalam masalah agama, yang kompeten untuk itu adalah para mufti atau para mujtahid.
Pada mulanya, praktik fatwa diberikan secara lepas dan belum ada upaya untuk membukukan isi fatwa-fatwa ulama tersebut. Pengumpulan fatwa menjadi sebuah kitab baru muncul pada abad ke 12
Hal ini disebabkan fatwa seorang mufti atau ulama di suatu tempat bisa saja berbeda dari fatwa ulama lain di tempat yang sama. Fatwa biasanya cenderung dinamis karena merupakan tanggapan terhadap perkembangan terbaru yang sedang dihadapi masyarakat peminta fatwa. Isi fatwa itu sendiri belum tentu dinamis, tetapi minimal fatwa itu responsif.
Tindakan memberi fatwa disebut futya atau ifta, suatu istilah yang juga merujuk pada profesi memberi nasihat. Orang yang memberi fatwa disebut mufti atau ulama, sedangkan yang meminta fatwa disebut mustafti. Peminta fatwa bisa berupa perorangan, lembaga maupun siapa asja yang membutuhkannya.
Pada dasarnya, futya adalah profesi independen, namun di banyak negara Muslim menjadi terkait dengan ootoritas kenegaraan dalam berbagai cara. Dalam sejarah Islam, dari abad pertama sampai ketujuh Hijriyah, negaralah yang mengangkat ulama yang bermutu sebagai mufti.
Namun pada masa-masa selanjutnya, pos-pos resmi dari futya diciptakan, sehingga mufti menjadi jabatan kenegaraan yang hierarkis, namun tetap dalam fungsi keagamaan. Pada tempat dan periode tertentu, seperti pada masa Kerajaan Ottoman, fungsi mufti dikombinasikan dengan hakim dan pemegang jabatan ini seringkali dilarang memberikan fatwa sehubungan dengan tindakan hukum yang terjadi di pengadilannya.
Fungsi kenegaraan yang dibebankan futya tidak menghilangkan pelaksanaan profesi itu secara pribadi. Akan tetapi dengan penerapan kitab-kitab undang-undang tertentu dengan segala perlengkapannya yang diambil dari sistem perundang-undangan Eropa, maka profesi futya di banyak negara Islam hampir tidak terpakai lagi.
Persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan profesi ini adalah; beragama Islam, memiliki integritas pribadi ('adil) dan ahli ijtihad (mujtahid) atau memiliki kesanggupan untuk memecahkan masalah melalui penalaran pribadi. Berbeda dengan seorang hakim, seorang mufti bisa saja wanita, orang buta atau orang bisu, kecuali untuk jabatan kenegaraan.
Keperluan akan fatwa ini sudah terasa sejak awal perkembangan Islam. Dengan semakin meningkatnya jumlah pemeluk Islam dan semakin meluasnya wilayah Islam, maka setiap persoalan yang muncul memerlukan jawaban. Untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, diperlukan bantuan dari orang-orang yang berkompeten di bidang tersebut. Dalam masalah agama, yang kompeten untuk itu adalah para mufti atau para mujtahid.
Pada mulanya, praktik fatwa diberikan secara lepas dan belum ada upaya untuk membukukan isi fatwa-fatwa ulama tersebut. Pengumpulan fatwa menjadi sebuah kitab baru muncul pada abad ke 12
Senin, November 09, 2009
Bahasa Inggris Bisnis (SOFT SKILL) 2
Name : Ririn Amim Masruri
Class : 3 DB 01
NPM : 311 07 474
Class : 3 DB 01
NPM : 311 07 474
AN ACCOUNTING OVERVIEW
Accounting is frequently called the “language of business” because of its ability to communicate financial information abaout an organization. Various interested parties, such as managers, potential investors, creditors, and the government, depend on a company’s accounting system to help them make informed financial decisions. An affective accounting system, therefore, must include accurate collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting, and reporting of information on the financial status of an irganization.
In order to achieve a standardized system, the accounting process follows accounting principles and rules. Regardless of the type of business or the amount of money involved, common procedures for handling and presenting financial information are used. Incoming money (revenues) and outgoing money (expenditures) are carefully monitored, and transaction are summarized in financial statements, which reflect the major financial activities of an organization.
Two common financial statements are the balance sheet and the income statement. The balance sheet shows the financial position of a company at one point in time, while the income statement shows financial performance of a company over a period of time. Financial statement allow interested parties to compare one organization to another and/or to compare accounting periods within one organization. For example, an investor may compare the most recent income statements of two corporations in order to find out which one would be a better investement.
People who specialize in the field of accounting are known as accountants. In the United States, accountants are usually classified as public, private, or governmental. Public accountants work independently and provide accounting services such as auditing and tax computation to companies and individuals. Public accountants may earn the title of CPA(Certified Public Accountant) by fulfilling rigorous requirements. Private accountants work solely for private companies or corporations that hire them to maintain financial records, and governmental accountants work for governmental agencies or bureaus. Both private and governmental accountants are paid on a salary basis, whereas public accountants receive fees for their services.
Through effective application of commonly accepted accounting systems private, public, and govermmental accountants provide accurate and timely financial information that is necessary for organization decision making.
Comprehension
Answer the following question about accounting. Question with asterisks cannot be answered directly from the text.
why is accounting called the “language of business”?
How is a standardized accounting system achieved?
What are revenues and expenditures?
What do the balance sheet and income statement have in common? How are they different?
*How might the information contained in financial statements be useful to managers? *How might creditors use this information?
How are accountans classified in the United States?
What kinds of services do public accountants provide?
What is a CPA? *Do you have a similar type of position in your country? *Explain.
*Which type of accounting-public, private, or governmental-appeals to you the most? *Why?
*What are some management decisions that might be based on accounting information?
Answer :
1. According is called the “language of business” because of its ability to communicate financial information about on organization.
2. In order to achive a standardized accounting system the accounting process follows accounting principles and rules.
3. Revenues are incoming money and expenditures are outgoing money.
4. The balance sheet and the income statement are two common financial statement. They are different, the first shows the financial position of a company of one point of time, while the second shows the financial performance of a company over a period of time.
5. The information contained in financial statements might be usefull to creditors in help them to find out whether the company will be able to repay the credit on time or not.
6. In United States, accountants are classified as public, private, and governmental.
7. Public accountant provide accounting services such as auditing and tax computation to companies and individuals.
8. A CPA is a Certified Public Accountant. Yes, we had. Formerly faculty of economic graduates of 5 elite universities got ‘Drs….AK’ degree.
9. Personal question
10. In some company financial decision making might be based on accounting information. For example the management want to expands its business to build a bigger factory to introduce new variety of goods.
Circle the letter of the answer that best completes each of the sentences below.
Accounting information is used by ______to help them make financial decisions.
a. managers
b. potential investors
c. creditors
d. all of the above
Regardless of the type of business or the amount of money ivolved :
a. all companies use identical accounting systems
b. balance sheets are more important than income statements
c. common procedures are used in handling financial information
d. no standardized accounting system is employed
3. Business monetary transactions are summarized in :
a. bank books
b. financial statements
c. computers
d. cash registers
4. Public accountants may earn the title of CPA by :
a. becoming governmental accountans
b. paying a fee
c. fulfilling rigorous requirements
d. obtaining a Bachelor of arts degree in accounting
5. Private and governmental accountatnts are paid on a____basis.
a. salary
b. monthly
c. fee
d. weekly
Vacabulary Exercises
A. Subtitute appropriate terms for the italicized words or phrases in the sentences below.
status agencies monitored maintain independently
procedure fee hire rigorous solely
1. Many accounting departments have strict enterance requirements;
only the most qualified applicants are allowed to enter these
programs. rigorous
2. The particular method used to process employee insurance
claims may vary from company to company procedure
3. The stock market is closely watched every day. monitored
4. Rather than expand into foreign lines, the dress shop manager
chose to deal only with domestic fashion designers. solely
5. Although the consultant’s charge for services was high, his
guidance and advice were well worth the money. fee
6. The financial condition of a company is reflected in its financial
statements. status
7. When the business began to expand, a second bookkeeper was
brought in to help keep the books. maintain
8. In the United States there are numerous organizations that
provide services at the local, state, and national levels. agencies
B. Complete the sentences with the noun, verb, and adjective forms provided.
1. Communication/to communicate/communicative
a. Supervisor should strive for two-way communication with their
employees.
b. By using an overhead projector, the guest speaker was able to
communicate his statistical information clearly.
c. Because of the clerk’s highly developed communicative skills, she was
given a position that required her to deal directly with customers
2. Information/informed/informative
a. The owner informed his employees that they would all receive a 5 percent pay increase.
b. Getting Acquainted with Accounting, by John L. Carey, is very informative book.
c. Financial information is essential for organizational decision making.
3. Allowance/allowed/allowable
The supervisor lost control of his staff members after he allowed them to override his decisions.
When the factory was built 50 years ago, little allowance was made for remodeling and expansion.
Althought allowable, smoking was discouraged in the lunch room.
4. Fulfillment/fulfill/fulfilling
At times the assembly line worker felt a lack of profesiomal fulfillment
When he was promoted to production supervisor, however, his job became much more fulfilling.
Before the accountant could became a CPA, she had to fulfill a number of requirements.
5. Standars/has standardized/standard
The standard paper size in United States for business letters and memorands is 8,5 x 11 inches.
The computer department has standardized its procedures for storting and retrieving data.
Nowadays rigorous standards are enforced in the area of food processing and packaging.
C. Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate terms the list.
parties financial statement reflected standardized allows
whereas interpretations informed communicates rigorous
An income statement is one example of a financial statement, it communicates financial information about a company over a period of time. A standardized format
Is used to present the financial information. This allows interested parties to compare one income statement to another in order to make informed financial decisions. But there is still a great deal of risk involved in financial decision making because the information reflected in an income statement is object to variety of interpretations.
Look at the reading to answer these questions.
What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
1 its accounting
4 them whereas parties
19 another corporation
21 one organization
In order to achieve a standardized system, the accounting process follows accounting principles and rules. Regardless of the type of business or the amount of money involved, common procedures for handling and presenting financial information are used. Incoming money (revenues) and outgoing money (expenditures) are carefully monitored, and transaction are summarized in financial statements, which reflect the major financial activities of an organization.
Two common financial statements are the balance sheet and the income statement. The balance sheet shows the financial position of a company at one point in time, while the income statement shows financial performance of a company over a period of time. Financial statement allow interested parties to compare one organization to another and/or to compare accounting periods within one organization. For example, an investor may compare the most recent income statements of two corporations in order to find out which one would be a better investement.
People who specialize in the field of accounting are known as accountants. In the United States, accountants are usually classified as public, private, or governmental. Public accountants work independently and provide accounting services such as auditing and tax computation to companies and individuals. Public accountants may earn the title of CPA(Certified Public Accountant) by fulfilling rigorous requirements. Private accountants work solely for private companies or corporations that hire them to maintain financial records, and governmental accountants work for governmental agencies or bureaus. Both private and governmental accountants are paid on a salary basis, whereas public accountants receive fees for their services.
Through effective application of commonly accepted accounting systems private, public, and govermmental accountants provide accurate and timely financial information that is necessary for organization decision making.
Comprehension
Answer the following question about accounting. Question with asterisks cannot be answered directly from the text.
why is accounting called the “language of business”?
How is a standardized accounting system achieved?
What are revenues and expenditures?
What do the balance sheet and income statement have in common? How are they different?
*How might the information contained in financial statements be useful to managers? *How might creditors use this information?
How are accountans classified in the United States?
What kinds of services do public accountants provide?
What is a CPA? *Do you have a similar type of position in your country? *Explain.
*Which type of accounting-public, private, or governmental-appeals to you the most? *Why?
*What are some management decisions that might be based on accounting information?
Answer :
1. According is called the “language of business” because of its ability to communicate financial information about on organization.
2. In order to achive a standardized accounting system the accounting process follows accounting principles and rules.
3. Revenues are incoming money and expenditures are outgoing money.
4. The balance sheet and the income statement are two common financial statement. They are different, the first shows the financial position of a company of one point of time, while the second shows the financial performance of a company over a period of time.
5. The information contained in financial statements might be usefull to creditors in help them to find out whether the company will be able to repay the credit on time or not.
6. In United States, accountants are classified as public, private, and governmental.
7. Public accountant provide accounting services such as auditing and tax computation to companies and individuals.
8. A CPA is a Certified Public Accountant. Yes, we had. Formerly faculty of economic graduates of 5 elite universities got ‘Drs….AK’ degree.
9. Personal question
10. In some company financial decision making might be based on accounting information. For example the management want to expands its business to build a bigger factory to introduce new variety of goods.
Circle the letter of the answer that best completes each of the sentences below.
Accounting information is used by ______to help them make financial decisions.
a. managers
b. potential investors
c. creditors
d. all of the above
Regardless of the type of business or the amount of money ivolved :
a. all companies use identical accounting systems
b. balance sheets are more important than income statements
c. common procedures are used in handling financial information
d. no standardized accounting system is employed
3. Business monetary transactions are summarized in :
a. bank books
b. financial statements
c. computers
d. cash registers
4. Public accountants may earn the title of CPA by :
a. becoming governmental accountans
b. paying a fee
c. fulfilling rigorous requirements
d. obtaining a Bachelor of arts degree in accounting
5. Private and governmental accountatnts are paid on a____basis.
a. salary
b. monthly
c. fee
d. weekly
Vacabulary Exercises
A. Subtitute appropriate terms for the italicized words or phrases in the sentences below.
status agencies monitored maintain independently
procedure fee hire rigorous solely
1. Many accounting departments have strict enterance requirements;
only the most qualified applicants are allowed to enter these
programs. rigorous
2. The particular method used to process employee insurance
claims may vary from company to company procedure
3. The stock market is closely watched every day. monitored
4. Rather than expand into foreign lines, the dress shop manager
chose to deal only with domestic fashion designers. solely
5. Although the consultant’s charge for services was high, his
guidance and advice were well worth the money. fee
6. The financial condition of a company is reflected in its financial
statements. status
7. When the business began to expand, a second bookkeeper was
brought in to help keep the books. maintain
8. In the United States there are numerous organizations that
provide services at the local, state, and national levels. agencies
B. Complete the sentences with the noun, verb, and adjective forms provided.
1. Communication/to communicate/communicative
a. Supervisor should strive for two-way communication with their
employees.
b. By using an overhead projector, the guest speaker was able to
communicate his statistical information clearly.
c. Because of the clerk’s highly developed communicative skills, she was
given a position that required her to deal directly with customers
2. Information/informed/informative
a. The owner informed his employees that they would all receive a 5 percent pay increase.
b. Getting Acquainted with Accounting, by John L. Carey, is very informative book.
c. Financial information is essential for organizational decision making.
3. Allowance/allowed/allowable
The supervisor lost control of his staff members after he allowed them to override his decisions.
When the factory was built 50 years ago, little allowance was made for remodeling and expansion.
Althought allowable, smoking was discouraged in the lunch room.
4. Fulfillment/fulfill/fulfilling
At times the assembly line worker felt a lack of profesiomal fulfillment
When he was promoted to production supervisor, however, his job became much more fulfilling.
Before the accountant could became a CPA, she had to fulfill a number of requirements.
5. Standars/has standardized/standard
The standard paper size in United States for business letters and memorands is 8,5 x 11 inches.
The computer department has standardized its procedures for storting and retrieving data.
Nowadays rigorous standards are enforced in the area of food processing and packaging.
C. Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate terms the list.
parties financial statement reflected standardized allows
whereas interpretations informed communicates rigorous
An income statement is one example of a financial statement, it communicates financial information about a company over a period of time. A standardized format
Is used to present the financial information. This allows interested parties to compare one income statement to another in order to make informed financial decisions. But there is still a great deal of risk involved in financial decision making because the information reflected in an income statement is object to variety of interpretations.
Look at the reading to answer these questions.
What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
1 its accounting
4 them whereas parties
19 another corporation
21 one organization
Kamis, November 05, 2009
MURAL DO NOT BE ERASED
Mural do not be erased
( Ririn Amim Masruri / 3 DB 01 / 31107474 )
( Ririn Amim Masruri / 3 DB 01 / 31107474 )
Arnold Belkin, a muralist, said that “mural is more than just a beautiful hand - writing, it is a reflection of a feeling and emotion”. A scratch is divided into two parts ; mural and graffiti. As we know, government has rules against vandalizing public facility. If someone destroys a public facility, he or she must be put in jail. I will show you different side of mural. Mural is not something futile because it has some advantages such as refreshing our mind, helping us to get extra income, helping us to increase our creativity and helping us to sharpen our brain.
Unlike graffiti, mural is the act of drawing or writing something on walls and pillars in public places with the use of aerosol spray and paints, and the muralist have permission to do it. Mural was founded firstly in united states in 1970. By someone who drew or wrote something on walls and pillars in public places with the use of aeorosol spray and paints, yet was permitted to do it by the government later called as “muralist”.
Refreshing our mind. It means mural can give us spirit especially when we are in the middle of a traffic jam, but if you see variety of pictures on the road, we can feel a bit better because we can see funny pictures and statement from variety of pictures in mural. A researcher once said that colors are very useful to refresh our mind, like the color of green. If you see the object which is green, you can she feel fresher. Because mural is full with of colors, mural is usefulto refresh our mind.
Helping us to get extra income. Mural can help you to get side job which is useful for increase your income. From some exhibition, we can get profit, we can join some events to show our mural to visitors. If we are lucky, we will be the winner and we can get much money from the exhibition. Besides that, we can get profit from competition. Not only money that we can have from competition., but also network among muralist. So, we can get ideas from other muralist. Take Carlos Almaraz who is a muralist as an example, since he was a child mural has become a part of is live because he loved it very much. One day, he drew mural, he took part in a competition and he became the first winner from the event. His mural was sold for $1000. He was very surprised and he was proud of himself. It is amazing that from drawing on the walls. Carlos almaraz can get an extra income although mural is only his hobby. Then, a muralist can get fee from public service advertisement, there for the government of Yogyakartahas a budget for muralist to make public service advertisement on the walls and pillars. For example, a muralist makes advertisement about prohibitive regulation for smoking in public area, because it is very important to reduce our generation to be a smoker. From that mural, the government hopes that poor people can understand the message of the advertisement even though they are illiterate.
Than, a muralist can get fee from commercial advertisement, like motorcycle advertisement. The muralist must have an idea to make the amazing and useful advertisement for people who read it. The muralist make colorful advertisement so that people can read the advertisement and they are interested in buying a product. Muralist not only delivers a message of buying a product that also create and important message, like using a helmet when riding a motorcycle. From that way, muralist can get money from commercial advertisement.
Helping us to increase our creativity. It means that mural is the right place to express our creativity. With mural, we can get our creativity, buy drawing or painting something that is useful for others. Moreover, mural can develop our sense of art. When you make mural, it can developes you sense of art indirectly because mural is an art. The art is divided into some parts such as; mural and graffiti. They are related each other and they cannot separated. Mural can develop your ability too, especially in drawing something. Mural is not only developing your sense of art but a also developing your ability.
Helping us to sharpen our brain. It means that mural can give us some exercise to sharpen our left brain, because the researcher said that if we draw something, it can help us to sharpen our brain, or if we do something with our left side of the body, it can help us to sharpen our brain, too. Not only our left brain that can sharpen mural from, but also mural can sharpen our right brain because if we draw or right something it means our right brain is working, indirectly.
In summary, mural can give us more advantages than disadvantages. Mural can make walls and pillars good. Besides that, mural makes our town full of colors. It is better than if we create something that is very useless and we just mess up our town. Therefore, mural is not vandalism because it is beautiful hand – writing and beautiful drawing. If we had a talent for drawing or painting, try to develop our strength, who knows our mural can make our life better.
Unlike graffiti, mural is the act of drawing or writing something on walls and pillars in public places with the use of aerosol spray and paints, and the muralist have permission to do it. Mural was founded firstly in united states in 1970. By someone who drew or wrote something on walls and pillars in public places with the use of aeorosol spray and paints, yet was permitted to do it by the government later called as “muralist”.
Refreshing our mind. It means mural can give us spirit especially when we are in the middle of a traffic jam, but if you see variety of pictures on the road, we can feel a bit better because we can see funny pictures and statement from variety of pictures in mural. A researcher once said that colors are very useful to refresh our mind, like the color of green. If you see the object which is green, you can she feel fresher. Because mural is full with of colors, mural is usefulto refresh our mind.
Helping us to get extra income. Mural can help you to get side job which is useful for increase your income. From some exhibition, we can get profit, we can join some events to show our mural to visitors. If we are lucky, we will be the winner and we can get much money from the exhibition. Besides that, we can get profit from competition. Not only money that we can have from competition., but also network among muralist. So, we can get ideas from other muralist. Take Carlos Almaraz who is a muralist as an example, since he was a child mural has become a part of is live because he loved it very much. One day, he drew mural, he took part in a competition and he became the first winner from the event. His mural was sold for $1000. He was very surprised and he was proud of himself. It is amazing that from drawing on the walls. Carlos almaraz can get an extra income although mural is only his hobby. Then, a muralist can get fee from public service advertisement, there for the government of Yogyakartahas a budget for muralist to make public service advertisement on the walls and pillars. For example, a muralist makes advertisement about prohibitive regulation for smoking in public area, because it is very important to reduce our generation to be a smoker. From that mural, the government hopes that poor people can understand the message of the advertisement even though they are illiterate.
Than, a muralist can get fee from commercial advertisement, like motorcycle advertisement. The muralist must have an idea to make the amazing and useful advertisement for people who read it. The muralist make colorful advertisement so that people can read the advertisement and they are interested in buying a product. Muralist not only delivers a message of buying a product that also create and important message, like using a helmet when riding a motorcycle. From that way, muralist can get money from commercial advertisement.
Helping us to increase our creativity. It means that mural is the right place to express our creativity. With mural, we can get our creativity, buy drawing or painting something that is useful for others. Moreover, mural can develop our sense of art. When you make mural, it can developes you sense of art indirectly because mural is an art. The art is divided into some parts such as; mural and graffiti. They are related each other and they cannot separated. Mural can develop your ability too, especially in drawing something. Mural is not only developing your sense of art but a also developing your ability.
Helping us to sharpen our brain. It means that mural can give us some exercise to sharpen our left brain, because the researcher said that if we draw something, it can help us to sharpen our brain, or if we do something with our left side of the body, it can help us to sharpen our brain, too. Not only our left brain that can sharpen mural from, but also mural can sharpen our right brain because if we draw or right something it means our right brain is working, indirectly.
In summary, mural can give us more advantages than disadvantages. Mural can make walls and pillars good. Besides that, mural makes our town full of colors. It is better than if we create something that is very useless and we just mess up our town. Therefore, mural is not vandalism because it is beautiful hand – writing and beautiful drawing. If we had a talent for drawing or painting, try to develop our strength, who knows our mural can make our life better.
Rabu, November 04, 2009
Film Emak Ingin Naik Haji
Sebuah film religi kembali hadir. Lebih segar dan lebih akrab. Bicara tentang cinta seorang jelata kepada Rabb-Nya. Kisah ciamik ini bergulir dengan cantik dan dekat dengan keseharian kita berkat tangan dingin seorang Asma Nadia dalam salah satu cerpennya yang berjudul sama, yaitu Emak Ingin Naik Haji.
Aditya Gumay langsung jatuh cinta membaca cerpen yang membuat gerimis hatinya ketika membaca itu. Dibantu oleh Adenin Adlan untuk menulis skenario akhirnya mereka membulatkan tekad untuk menjadikannya sebuah film yang sarat muatan nilai dan hikmah ini tanpa kesan menggurui. Mizan pun menyambut ini dengan tangan terbuka.
Naik haji bukanlah sekedar angan jika disertai azzam yang kuat serta yakin akan pertolongan Allah, kira-kira itulah pesan yang ingin disampaikan oleh film ini. Seolah ingin menyentil kesenjangan yang terjadi di masyarakat kita antara si kaya yang berhaji berkali-kali dengan si miskin yang kadang untuk bermimpi saja tidak memiliki cukup keberanian.
Semoga film ini akan menambah syiar Islam dalam dunia persinemaan Indonesia, yang Alhamdulillah terbukti masyarakat sangat mendambakannya. Mari nikmati film ini pada tanggal 12 November mendatang :)
LG GW300 vs Samsung B3210 CorbyTXT
Setelah brand lokal menuai keuntungan dengan menggelontorkan produk ber qwerty keypad, semisal Nexian NX G900 the series, HT G30, Mito 8100, serta tipe lainnya yang buanyak sekali, ternyata brand besar pun nggak mau kalah turut bersaing di ceruk yang sangat menjanjikan ini.
LG dan Samsung, kedua merk negeri ginseng ini bahkan meluncurkan produk pada waktu yang sangat berdekatan untuk produk dengan spesifikasi yang nyaris nggak beda. Produk yang mereka launch ini adalah LG GW300 dan Samsung B3210 CorbyTXT.
Kedua hp ini mentargetkan segmen anak muda. Fitur yang dijanjikan pun adalah semua yang saat ini digandrungi oleh anak muda kebanyakan, seperti kemudahan dalam terkoneksi dengan jejaring sosial facebook, kemudahan chatting, serta email.
LAYAR
Fitur lainnya adalah layar besar TFT dengan kedalaman warna yang sama 256k. LG menang telak untuk kerapatan pixel yaitu 320 x 240 pixels, 2.4 inches sedangkan Samsung cuma 176 x 144 pixels, 2.2 inches.
MEMORI
Keunggulan Samsung yaitu pada urusan memori, yaitu internal 40 MB dan eksternal micro sd up to 8 GB, sedangkan LG bermemori internal 10 MB dan micro sd up to 4 GB.
BATERAI
Untuk urusan kekuatan baterai LG kembali unggul dengan baterai berkapasitas Li-Po 900 mAh dibanding samsung yang Li-Ion 800 mAh.
JARINGAN
Jangan berharap kedua HP ini sudah mampu mendukung jaringan 3G apalagi HSDPA. Karena untuk berselancar di dunia maya keduanya hanya dibekali oleh EDGE. Samsung EDGE class 10 dan LG EDGE class 12.
Selebihnya keduanya sama, berkamera 2 MP, memiliki jack audio universal 3.5 mm, dan tentu saja dilengkapi dengan radio FM.
apakah Anda Tertarik? daripada merk-merk lokal yang belum jelas ketangguhannya. Sepertinya kedua hp ini lebih worth to buy ya.
Klik ini jika ingin melihat Review LG GW300
Harga per 31 Oktober 2009
LG GW300 Rp 1.370.000
Samsung B3210 CorbyTXT Rp 1.740.000
LG dan Samsung, kedua merk negeri ginseng ini bahkan meluncurkan produk pada waktu yang sangat berdekatan untuk produk dengan spesifikasi yang nyaris nggak beda. Produk yang mereka launch ini adalah LG GW300 dan Samsung B3210 CorbyTXT.
Kedua hp ini mentargetkan segmen anak muda. Fitur yang dijanjikan pun adalah semua yang saat ini digandrungi oleh anak muda kebanyakan, seperti kemudahan dalam terkoneksi dengan jejaring sosial facebook, kemudahan chatting, serta email.
LAYAR
Fitur lainnya adalah layar besar TFT dengan kedalaman warna yang sama 256k. LG menang telak untuk kerapatan pixel yaitu 320 x 240 pixels, 2.4 inches sedangkan Samsung cuma 176 x 144 pixels, 2.2 inches.
MEMORI
Keunggulan Samsung yaitu pada urusan memori, yaitu internal 40 MB dan eksternal micro sd up to 8 GB, sedangkan LG bermemori internal 10 MB dan micro sd up to 4 GB.
BATERAI
Untuk urusan kekuatan baterai LG kembali unggul dengan baterai berkapasitas Li-Po 900 mAh dibanding samsung yang Li-Ion 800 mAh.
JARINGAN
Jangan berharap kedua HP ini sudah mampu mendukung jaringan 3G apalagi HSDPA. Karena untuk berselancar di dunia maya keduanya hanya dibekali oleh EDGE. Samsung EDGE class 10 dan LG EDGE class 12.
Selebihnya keduanya sama, berkamera 2 MP, memiliki jack audio universal 3.5 mm, dan tentu saja dilengkapi dengan radio FM.
apakah Anda Tertarik? daripada merk-merk lokal yang belum jelas ketangguhannya. Sepertinya kedua hp ini lebih worth to buy ya.
Klik ini jika ingin melihat Review LG GW300
Harga per 31 Oktober 2009
LG GW300 Rp 1.370.000
Samsung B3210 CorbyTXT Rp 1.740.000
Rabu, Oktober 28, 2009
TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS1
NAMA : Ririn Amim Masruri
KELAS : 3 DB 01
NPM : 31107474
Reading
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
A company often becomes involved in international trade by exchanging goods or services with another country-importing raw materials it may need for production or exporting finished products to a foreign market. Establishing these trade relationships is the first step in the development of a multinational business. At this stage, however the corporation’s emphasis is still on the domestic market. As trade expands, the corporation’s dealing with companies or people outside the “home country” of that corporation increase.
The corporation then begins to view the whole world as a base for production and marketing operations. The next step in the development of a multinational business is focusing on the world market. The company may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, or build a foreign manufacturing company or subsidiary. Therefore, a multinational corporation is a company that is primarily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
Since World War II, multinational corporations have grown rapidly. The names and products of many of the multinational have become well-known in the world marketplace: International Business Machines (IBM), Royal Dutch Shell, Panasonic, Coca-Cola, and Volkwagen. Coca-Cola, for example, now has operations in more then 180 countries.
A multinational corporation operates in a complex business environment. Cultural, social, economic, political, and technological system vary from country to country. In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs a basic understanding and appreciation of the foreign business environment.
Comprehension
A. Answer the following questions about multinationals. Questions with asteris (*) cannot be answered directly from the text.
1. What is the first step in the development of a multinational business?
2. Where is the comapany’s emphasis when it is simply trading with other countries?
3. What market does a multinational corporation focus on?
4. A company may establish its manufacturing operations in foreign countries? What are three forms that these operations may take?
5. What is a multinational corporation?
6 When have multinationals grown rapidly? *Why do you think they have experienced this period of rapid growth?
7. *What are some products that are produced by the following multinational corporations: IBM, Coca-Cola, Panasonic, Shell, and Volkswagen?
8. *Why does a multinational corporation operate in a more complex business environment than a domestic company?
9. *What are some of the social and political factors that can vary from country to country?
10. Why does a multinational corporation need a basic understanding of foreign business environments? *How can a multinational gain this understanding?
Answer:
A. 1. The first step (it) is establishing the trade relationship with another country.
2. The companies emphasis (it) is still on the domestic market.
3. A multinational corporation (it) focuses on the world market.
4. The three forms (they) are: It may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, and build a foreign manufacturing company or a subsidiary.
5. A multinational corporation (it) is a company that is primary based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
6. Multinationals (they) have grown rapidly since World War II. Because during the war many countries knew what recurces are scarce or abundant in other countries.
7. IBM: International Business Machines, Royal Dutch Shell oil, Panasonic electronic, Coca-Cola softdrink, Volkswagen automobiles.
8. Because a multinational corporation focuses on the world market, and each country has its own system: culturally, economically, politically and technologically. Where as a domestic company only operates in one country which its system its already familiar.
9. Socially: In Japan life time employment system is applied, where as in Indonesia contract system employment is used.
Politically: Thailand is monarchism, Indonesia is democratic.
10. In order to operate successfully. This understanding can be gained through market research.
B. Determine which of the following statement are true and which are false. Then put T
or F in the blanks. Rewrite false statements to make them true.
1. T Multinaltional corporations have grown rapidly since 1945.
2. F Any company engaged in international trade is a multinational business.
3. T In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs to be aware of national and international business environments
4. F A multinational corporation focuses on its “home country,” or domestic market.
5. F A multinational company does not establish factories in foreign countries.
Vocabulary Exercises
A.Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.
B.Look at the terms in the left-hand colomn and find the correct synonyms or definiti-
Ons in the right-hand colomn. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.
1. j corporation (line 5) a. chiefly; principally
2. e expand (line 6) b. function in; work in
3. g view (line 8) c. change
4. i stage (line 5) d. a company having more than half of its stock
owned by another company
5. a primarily (line 13) e. increase the dimensions of
6. h base (line 8) f. growth; expansion
7. c vary (line 21) g. see; look at
8. d subsidiary (line 21) h. foundation
9. b operate in (line 20) i. a step in development
10.f development (line 4) j. a type of business organization formed by an
association of stockholders
C.Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the most appropriate terms form the
list.
base operate in appreciation of expands
vary corporation development subsidiary
staged involved in view relationship
During the development of a corporation, the organizational structure may vary over time and pass through a number of stages . As the corporation grows, it expands its operations. It might become involved in setting up a subsidiary . Although the corporation still has a primary or “home base ,” establishment of a subsidiary allow the company to enter into new relationship with a view toward increasing its production and marketing capabilities.
Text Analysis
Look at the reading to answer these questions.
1.What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
2 it a company
5 this stage first step
17 IBM International Business Machine
2.Match the connective words or phrases with the appropriate functions.
c however (line 5) a. summarizing
d then (line 8) b. illustrating
a therefore (line 12) c. contrasting
b for example (line 18) d. sequencing information
3.Summarize the two general steps in the development of a multinational corporation.
a. establishing these trade relationship. (line 3-5)
b. focusing on the world market. (line 8-10)
4.Sometimes the definition of a term takes this form:
a controls the
A restrictive trade law → is → law → that → number of goods
imported or exported
that
term being defined → verb to be → class→ which → definition
This type of definition is known as a formal definition. In a formal definition the term or word being defined occurs first. It is followed by the verb to be (usually is ar are). Next the class states the general group that the term belongs to:
TERMS CLASSES
multinational corporation company
typewriter business machine
absolute advantage theory of specialization
After the class, either that or which is used. Finally, the definition itself includes information distinguishing this term other members of its class.
Write formal definitions for multinational corporation (page 56), corporation (page 57), and subsidiary (page 57).
a. A multinational corporation is a company that is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
b.
c.
5.Formal definitions may be shortened to a more general form, which includes less information. This is often called a semiformal definition. The class, that or which, and the verb to be are omitted.
A restrictive trade law → controls → the number of goods imported or exported
Term being defined → verb → definition
Change the formal definition from the previous exercise into semiformal definitions.
a A multinational corporation is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
b.
c.
TENSES
Pr – Present; Ps-Past; S-Simple; C-Continuous; F-Future; Pf-Perfect
1. Pr.S - He writes many letters everyday. (habitual action)
2. Ps.S - He wrote m.1 yesterday. (occurred in the past)
3. Pr.C - It is writing m.1 now. (is occurring right now)
4. Ps.C - He was writing m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the
past).
5. Pr.F - He will write m.1 tomorrow. (will happen in the future).
6. Ps.F - He would write m.1 yesterday, but he didn’t have time.
7. Pr.Pf - He has written m.1 already (has just happened now).
8. Ps.Pf - He had written m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the past)
9. Pr.Fc - He will be writing m.1 when you visit him tomorrow. (in the future)
10.Ps.Fc - He would be writing m.1 when you visited him yesterday. (in the past)
11.Pr.FPf - He will have written m.1 when you come tomorrow (in the future)
12.Ps.FPf - He would have written m.1 when you come yesterday. (in the past)
13.Pr.Pfc - He has been writing m.1 for two days until now. (continuosly from past
until now).
14.Ps.Pfc - He had been writting m.1 for two days until yesterday (continuosly
from past to past)
15.Pr.Fpf.C - He will have been writing m.1 for two days will tomorrow. (until in the
future)
16.Pr.F.Pfc - He would have been writing m.1 for two days until yesterday. (until in
the past)
KELAS : 3 DB 01
NPM : 31107474
Reading
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
A company often becomes involved in international trade by exchanging goods or services with another country-importing raw materials it may need for production or exporting finished products to a foreign market. Establishing these trade relationships is the first step in the development of a multinational business. At this stage, however the corporation’s emphasis is still on the domestic market. As trade expands, the corporation’s dealing with companies or people outside the “home country” of that corporation increase.
The corporation then begins to view the whole world as a base for production and marketing operations. The next step in the development of a multinational business is focusing on the world market. The company may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, or build a foreign manufacturing company or subsidiary. Therefore, a multinational corporation is a company that is primarily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
Since World War II, multinational corporations have grown rapidly. The names and products of many of the multinational have become well-known in the world marketplace: International Business Machines (IBM), Royal Dutch Shell, Panasonic, Coca-Cola, and Volkwagen. Coca-Cola, for example, now has operations in more then 180 countries.
A multinational corporation operates in a complex business environment. Cultural, social, economic, political, and technological system vary from country to country. In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs a basic understanding and appreciation of the foreign business environment.
Comprehension
A. Answer the following questions about multinationals. Questions with asteris (*) cannot be answered directly from the text.
1. What is the first step in the development of a multinational business?
2. Where is the comapany’s emphasis when it is simply trading with other countries?
3. What market does a multinational corporation focus on?
4. A company may establish its manufacturing operations in foreign countries? What are three forms that these operations may take?
5. What is a multinational corporation?
6 When have multinationals grown rapidly? *Why do you think they have experienced this period of rapid growth?
7. *What are some products that are produced by the following multinational corporations: IBM, Coca-Cola, Panasonic, Shell, and Volkswagen?
8. *Why does a multinational corporation operate in a more complex business environment than a domestic company?
9. *What are some of the social and political factors that can vary from country to country?
10. Why does a multinational corporation need a basic understanding of foreign business environments? *How can a multinational gain this understanding?
Answer:
A. 1. The first step (it) is establishing the trade relationship with another country.
2. The companies emphasis (it) is still on the domestic market.
3. A multinational corporation (it) focuses on the world market.
4. The three forms (they) are: It may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, and build a foreign manufacturing company or a subsidiary.
5. A multinational corporation (it) is a company that is primary based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
6. Multinationals (they) have grown rapidly since World War II. Because during the war many countries knew what recurces are scarce or abundant in other countries.
7. IBM: International Business Machines, Royal Dutch Shell oil, Panasonic electronic, Coca-Cola softdrink, Volkswagen automobiles.
8. Because a multinational corporation focuses on the world market, and each country has its own system: culturally, economically, politically and technologically. Where as a domestic company only operates in one country which its system its already familiar.
9. Socially: In Japan life time employment system is applied, where as in Indonesia contract system employment is used.
Politically: Thailand is monarchism, Indonesia is democratic.
10. In order to operate successfully. This understanding can be gained through market research.
B. Determine which of the following statement are true and which are false. Then put T
or F in the blanks. Rewrite false statements to make them true.
1. T Multinaltional corporations have grown rapidly since 1945.
2. F Any company engaged in international trade is a multinational business.
3. T In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs to be aware of national and international business environments
4. F A multinational corporation focuses on its “home country,” or domestic market.
5. F A multinational company does not establish factories in foreign countries.
Vocabulary Exercises
A.Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.
B.Look at the terms in the left-hand colomn and find the correct synonyms or definiti-
Ons in the right-hand colomn. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.
1. j corporation (line 5) a. chiefly; principally
2. e expand (line 6) b. function in; work in
3. g view (line 8) c. change
4. i stage (line 5) d. a company having more than half of its stock
owned by another company
5. a primarily (line 13) e. increase the dimensions of
6. h base (line 8) f. growth; expansion
7. c vary (line 21) g. see; look at
8. d subsidiary (line 21) h. foundation
9. b operate in (line 20) i. a step in development
10.f development (line 4) j. a type of business organization formed by an
association of stockholders
C.Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the most appropriate terms form the
list.
base operate in appreciation of expands
vary corporation development subsidiary
staged involved in view relationship
During the development of a corporation, the organizational structure may vary over time and pass through a number of stages . As the corporation grows, it expands its operations. It might become involved in setting up a subsidiary . Although the corporation still has a primary or “home base ,” establishment of a subsidiary allow the company to enter into new relationship with a view toward increasing its production and marketing capabilities.
Text Analysis
Look at the reading to answer these questions.
1.What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
2 it a company
5 this stage first step
17 IBM International Business Machine
2.Match the connective words or phrases with the appropriate functions.
c however (line 5) a. summarizing
d then (line 8) b. illustrating
a therefore (line 12) c. contrasting
b for example (line 18) d. sequencing information
3.Summarize the two general steps in the development of a multinational corporation.
a. establishing these trade relationship. (line 3-5)
b. focusing on the world market. (line 8-10)
4.Sometimes the definition of a term takes this form:
a controls the
A restrictive trade law → is → law → that → number of goods
imported or exported
that
term being defined → verb to be → class→ which → definition
This type of definition is known as a formal definition. In a formal definition the term or word being defined occurs first. It is followed by the verb to be (usually is ar are). Next the class states the general group that the term belongs to:
TERMS CLASSES
multinational corporation company
typewriter business machine
absolute advantage theory of specialization
After the class, either that or which is used. Finally, the definition itself includes information distinguishing this term other members of its class.
Write formal definitions for multinational corporation (page 56), corporation (page 57), and subsidiary (page 57).
a. A multinational corporation is a company that is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
b.
c.
5.Formal definitions may be shortened to a more general form, which includes less information. This is often called a semiformal definition. The class, that or which, and the verb to be are omitted.
A restrictive trade law → controls → the number of goods imported or exported
Term being defined → verb → definition
Change the formal definition from the previous exercise into semiformal definitions.
a A multinational corporation is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
b.
c.
TENSES
Pr – Present; Ps-Past; S-Simple; C-Continuous; F-Future; Pf-Perfect
1. Pr.S - He writes many letters everyday. (habitual action)
2. Ps.S - He wrote m.1 yesterday. (occurred in the past)
3. Pr.C - It is writing m.1 now. (is occurring right now)
4. Ps.C - He was writing m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the
past).
5. Pr.F - He will write m.1 tomorrow. (will happen in the future).
6. Ps.F - He would write m.1 yesterday, but he didn’t have time.
7. Pr.Pf - He has written m.1 already (has just happened now).
8. Ps.Pf - He had written m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the past)
9. Pr.Fc - He will be writing m.1 when you visit him tomorrow. (in the future)
10.Ps.Fc - He would be writing m.1 when you visited him yesterday. (in the past)
11.Pr.FPf - He will have written m.1 when you come tomorrow (in the future)
12.Ps.FPf - He would have written m.1 when you come yesterday. (in the past)
13.Pr.Pfc - He has been writing m.1 for two days until now. (continuosly from past
until now).
14.Ps.Pfc - He had been writting m.1 for two days until yesterday (continuosly
from past to past)
15.Pr.Fpf.C - He will have been writing m.1 for two days will tomorrow. (until in the
future)
16.Pr.F.Pfc - He would have been writing m.1 for two days until yesterday. (until in
the past)
Rabu, Oktober 07, 2009
Aneka Reload -- Observasi Sistem Informasi
Bemodal dari 1 voucher menjadi daeler pulsa.
RELOAD SERVICE ALL OPERATOR
Berawal dari modal sebuah voucher, ANEKA CELL RELOAD SERVICE, perlahan merintis menjadi sebuah dealer pulsa yang sudah cukup bonafit yang terus berjalan hingga sekarang. ANEKA RELOAD, sebuah lokasi usaha yang terletak di Jl.Raya Bogor Km.29 no.36 merupakan sebuah usaha yang bergerak di bidang telekomunikasi seluller, tepatnya pulsa elektrik all operator. ANEKA RELOAD menyediakan Produk Voucher Elektronik dengan sistem satu deposit untuk pengisian multi operator (All Operator), (Simpati, Kartu As, Flexi, Mentari, IM3, StarOne, XL, Esia, Fren, Three, Axis, Hepi, Smart) dan semua produk operator telekomunikasi yang ada di Indonesia. Selain menjual produk pulsa elektrik dan voucher, ANEKA RELOAD juga menjual produk lain seperti Handphone beserta accessories.
"ANEKA RELOAD telah memiliki Surat Izin Usaha Perdagangan sejak 3 desember 2004 dan telah mengikuti training dan forum diskusi telekomunikasi sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas pelayanan dan kepercayaan customer."
Dalam meningkatkan penjualan/transaksi dan mendapatkan master (downline), ANEKA RELOAD tidak pernah melakukan promosi mengadakan event-event tertentu, promosi yang dilakukan hanyalah kepercayaan yang diberikan dan di dapat dari para master yang kemudian melakukan penawaran kepada yang lain (calon submaster).
APLIKASI dan CARA KERJA
ANEKA RELOAD memiliki server sendiri yang sehingga dapat melakukan transaksi selama 24 jam. Aplikasi yang di gunakan untuk Server ANEKA RELOAD di buat sendiri karena memiliki technical support yang di ambil dari keluarga pemilik sekaligus pengelola ANEKA RELOAD. Untuk software yang di gunakan yaitu software Flash Machine dan Team Viewer yang artinya di kerjakan sendiri oleh keluarga pemilik.
Di ANEKA RELOAD Memiliki 2 komputer yg di gunakan untuk kasir dan check stock voucher sekaligus cek transaksi. Semua database transaksi yang tersimpan di dalam computer memiliki jangka waktu maksimal 1 bulan back up, tapi hal tersebut juga bergantung pada kepadatan atau banyaknya transaksi yang di lakukan.
Untuk setiap transaksi yang dilakukan juga selalu di cek status keberhasilannya melalui web masing-masing provider,apakah pulsa tersebut telah di transfer ke customer atau belum..?? jika antara status dengan kenyataan yang ada tidak sesuai maka server akan melakukan follow up di masing-masing provider.
Setiap transaksi yang di lakukan tidak selalu berjalan lancer, maka dari itu ANEKA RELOAD membuka sms komplain yang kemudian akan di respon oleh server dari ANEKA RELOAD. Semua komplain yang masuk ke sms center akan di follow up maksimal 1x24 jam..
KENDALA YANG DI HADAPI
Dalam transaksi ANEKA RELOAD. Juga sering mengalami kendala, namun kendala tersebut biasanya karena berasal dari operator provider yang mengalami gangguan sehingga harus memperbaiki agar kondisi stabil. Contoh kendala yang sering di hadapi biasanya seperti lambatnya transaksi pulsa elektrik Esia tiap malam.
SISTEM TRANSAKSI ANEKA RELOAD
ANEKA CELL memiliki berbagai produk, semua produk yang di dapat awalnya akan di masukkan ke dalam gudang penyimpanan yang kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan sebelum turun ke grosir. Dalam penjualan grosir juga memiliki 2 fungsi, yaitu penjualan secara grosir dan penjualan secara eceran. Untuk pendaftaran master/downline dapat di lakukan dengan cara mendaftar dari master lain atau daftar langsung di ANEKA RELOAD, syarat pendaftaran cukup mengisi deposit minimal Rp. 50.000, Dalam penjualannya ANEKA RELOAD memiliki system transaksi yang dapat dilakukan oleh para master / downline secara mudah.
Pembayaran Deposit dapat dilakukan Via Transfer rekening BANK. Setelah melakukan transfer deposit kemudian lakukan Konfirmasi via sms, Contoh: K.Trans 200 an006-1 dari rek Adi. Yang kemudian di kirim ke Sms Center ANEKA RELOAD.
Transaksi yg di lakukan oleh para master di kirim langsung ke Server ANEKA RELOAD sehingga dapat dilakukan 24 jam non stop setiap hari secara realtime berbasis SMS Top Up/Multikoneksi Host to Host dan YahooMessenger sehingga transaksi sangat cepat (selama tidak ada gangguan dari sisi operator). ANEKA RELOAD juga menyediakan jenis dan denominal pulsa elektronik terlengkap dengan harga termurah.
Untuk transaksi pulsa juga memiliki kode transaksi tertentu dengan format sms seperti di bawah ini:
FORMAT SMS
TRANSAKSI
ketik : kode produk.tujuan.pin
contoh : S20.08123456789.1234
TRANSAKSI LEBIH DARI SATU NOMOR HP
ketik : kode produk.tujuan.kodeproduk.tujuan.pin
contoh : S20.08123456789.M10.081567891011.1234
GANTI PIN
ketik : G.pinlama.pinbaru
contoh : G.1234.8888
CEK SALDO
ketik : S.pin
contoh : S.1234
KOMPLAIN VIA SMS
ketik : K.isi complain
kirim ke : SMS center masing-masing provider
contoh : K.pulsa s20.08123456789 tgl 1/11/07 blm masuk
REKAP TANSAKSI
ketik : R.TANGGGAL.Pin
contoh : R.5//11/07.1234
Transaksi berulang No dan Nominal sama
Ketik : Kode produk.2.tujuan.pin
contoh : s10.2.081234567.1234
dapat berulang sampai 9x transaksi
Semua format sms transaksi kemudian di kirim ke sms center masing-masing provider.
Transaksi juga bisa dilakukan melalui web, dengan alamat server
http://125.160.216.206/aneka
info lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di anekareload.blogspot.com
Senin, September 07, 2009
Coming Soon...!!!!
Ketika Cinta Bertasbih 2
 |
Sembilan tahun berpisah dengan ibu serta adik-adiknya membuat kepulangan Azzam dari Kairo memiliki sensasi yang luar biasa. Kerinduan yang meluber dari dadanya begitu menggelegak. Rindu kepada keluarga, rindu kepada negeri tercinta, rindu kepada senyum-senyum yang kerap semringah dari penduduk negerinya, meski dalam keadaan paling menderita sekalipun, membuatmua bergairah melangkahkan kaki di lantai bandara
Lulus S-1 dari sebuah perguruan tinggi yang memiliki pengaruh wibawa “kealiman”, tidak menyebabkan Azzam mendapat kemudahan dalam segala urusan. Dia bahkan gamang untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan yang pas. Belum lagi cibiran tetangga yang mengira bahwa lulusan Al-Azhar University otomatis menjadi kiyahi, atau ulama besar. Itu kenapa Bu’e Malikatun, sang ibu menjadi gelisah, bahkan menyuruh adik Azzam, Husna untuk mencarikan pekerjaan, apa saja yang penting asal kesannya bekerja, keluar dari rumah.
Dengan latar belakang pengalaman berwirausaha selama di Mesir, Azzam pun tidak patah semangat untuk membangun usahanya sendiri. Tetapi bagaimana dengan menikah, hal yang selalu disinggung oleh ibunya.
Wanita yang ia dambakan, Anna Althafunnisa telah dipinang sahabatnya sendiri. Sedangkan dengan Eliana yang jelas-jelas menaruh hati padanya belum bisa ia terima, karena ia masih mendambakan wanita muslimah. Azzam pun berusaha mencari tambatan hatinya, walaupun cukup banyak hambatan yang ia hadapi, yang kemudian membuatnya hampir putus asa.
Bagaimanakah kelanjutan perjalanan cinta dan hidup Azzam ?..
Lalu bagaimana nasib pernikahan Anna & Furqon, mengingat Furqon masih menyimpan rahasia besar dalam hidupnya ?..
Akankah Eliana tergerak hatinya untuk menjadi wanita muslimah seutuhnya dan mendapatkan cinta Azzam ?..
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